A complete theory of cognitive development should not be limited only to describing and explaining how memory capacity improves with age, but also to show how these changes interact with other cognitive aspects. Working memory represents the capacity to hold and manipulate information mentally over brief periods of time and plays an important role in supporting a wide range of everyday activities. Actual research emphasizes, on one hand, the impact of cognitive processing on memory, and on the other hand, the impact of working memory on learning skills and school performance. Thus, it was suggested that children with weak memory skills present difficulties in key areas like learning, language, reasoning and problem solving, but also behavioral issues, that should be properly identified and anticipated in order to improve their academic performance by establishing specific educational intervention programs.